{"id":2512,"date":"2010-02-07T08:00:08","date_gmt":"2010-02-07T13:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fatnutritionist.com\/?page_id=2512"},"modified":"2015-07-25T18:08:59","modified_gmt":"2015-07-25T23:08:59","slug":"articles-evidence","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.fatnutritionist.com\/index.php\/articles-evidence\/","title":{"rendered":"Articles &#038; Evidence"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Below are some articles (some will be full-text, some are just abstracts) that go into some of the controversies around dieting, weight, and eating. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&#038;pubmedid=19025661\" title=\"&#8220;Whilst diets did not result in sustained weight loss, two thirds of participants felt that dieting was an effective way to lose weight.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">A qualitative investigation of dieting, weight loss, and physical exercise, in obese individuals &#8211; Nutr J, 2008<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19864412\" title=\"Dieting, not sugary drinks, was associated with adolescent weight gain.\" target=\"_blank\">Adolescent beverage habits and changes in weight over time &#8211; Am J Clin Nutr, 2009<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.medpagetoday.com\/MeetingCoverage\/AACE\/19727\" title=\"Case study shows abnormal glucose tolerance following WLS &#8212; fasting glucose and HbA1c alone do not adequately screen for diabetes.\" target=\"_blank\">Bariatric Surgery May Just Mask Diabetes, Am Assoc of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2010<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/454096\" title=\"&#8220;A new method of data analysis shows that weight losses are only modestly maintained.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Behavior modification in the treatment of obesity: the problem of maintaining weight loss &#8211; Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1979<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8363211\" title=\"&#8220;Weight loss was associated with improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol levels but also with continued cigarette smoking, prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, other diseases, and higher death rates.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Benefits and adverse effects of weight loss &#8211; Ann Intern Med, 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com\/journal\/119064735\/abstract?CRETRY=1&#038;SRETRY=0\" title=\"&#8220;health risks in obesity may be caused by hazardous treatments for obesity&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Biomedical rationale for a wellness approach to obesity &#8211; J Soc Issues, 1999<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19543206\" title=\"&#8220;Among Japanese older adults, a low BMI was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, even among those with a lower normal BMI range.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">BMI and all-cause mortality among Japanese older adults &#8211; Obesity, 2010<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19543208\" title=\"&#8220;&#8230;overweight appears to be protective against mortality. Obesity class I was not associated with an increased risk of mortality.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">BMI and mortality: results from a national longitudinal study of Canadian adults &#8211; Obesity, 2010<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2605663\/\" title=\"Brilliant review of the recent evidence for set-point theory. Concludes that body weight is homeostatically regulated.\" target=\"_blank\">Body energy homeostasis &#8211; Appetite, 2008<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ryerson.ca\/~jgingras\/pdf\/body_image_chronic_dieters.pdf\" title=\"Chronic dieters express lower body image satisfaction.\" target=\"_blank\">Body image of chronic dieters &#8211; J Am Diet Assoc, 2004<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19386574\" title=\"&#8220;Lower weight, weight loss, higher variability, and weight cycling were all risk factors for mortality&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Body weight dynamics and their association with physical function and mortality in older adults &#8211; J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2010<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19770655\" title=\"&#8220;Exercise can provide important health benefits irrespective of weight loss in obese and overweight individuals.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic risk factors in obesity &#8211; Curr Opin Lipidol, 2009<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/content.nejm.org\/cgi\/content\/full\/332\/10\/621\" title=\"&#8220;Maintenance of a reduced or elevated body weight is associated with compensatory changes in energy expenditure, which oppose the maintenance of a body weight that is different from the usual weight.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Changes in Energy Expenditure Resulting from Altered Body Weight &#8211; NEJM, 1995<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/?fa=main.doiLanding&#038;uid=1992-13614-001\" title=\"Classic paper establishing the low success rates of weight loss treatments.\" target=\"_blank\">Confronting the failure of behavioral and dietary treatments for obesity &#8211; Clinical Psychology Review, 1994<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/oby\/journal\/v16\/n3s\/full\/oby2008514a.html\" title=\"&#8221;Based on twin studies, the heritability of adiposity is higher than for most other complex diseases or quantitative traits.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Considerations regarding the genetics of obesity &#8211;  Obesity, 2008<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14559057\" title=\"Proposes that &#8220;obesity&#8221; is not always caused by overeating and underexercising, but could be mediated by an inflammatory response.\" target=\"_blank\">Decreased energy levels can cause and sustain obesity &#8211; J Theor Biol, 2003<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ajcn.org\/cgi\/reprint\/67\/3\/551S.pdf\" title=\"Some evidence of the human body defending its set-point in hospitalized subjects.\" target=\"_blank\">Diet composition and energy balance in humans &#8211; Am J Clin Nutr, 1998<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/\/frameset.aspx\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.ucla.edu%2Fportal%2Fucla%2FDieting-Does-Not-Work-UCLA-Researchers-7832.aspx\" title=\"&#8220;Mann and her co-authors conducted the most comprehensive and rigorous analysis of diet studies, analyzing 31 long-term studies.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Dieting Does Not Work, UCLA Researchers Report &#8211; Newsweek, 2007<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.asanet.org\/images\/journals\/docs\/pdf\/spq\/Mar11SPQFeature.pdf\" title=\"Short answer: Yes.\" target=\"_blank\">Does Perceived Weight Discrimination Affect Identity and Physical Health &#8211; Soc Psych Quarterly, 2011<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/cgi\/content\/abstract\/43\/1\/49\" title=\"&#8220;Health professionals should focus less on weight and more on how to enhance and maintain health for people of all sizes and shapes.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Does physical activity ameliorate the health hazards of obesity? &#8211; Br J Sports Med, 2009<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/jama.ama-assn.org\/cgi\/content\/full\/293\/15\/1861\" title=\"Turns out, &#8220;obesity&#8221; doesn&#8217;t cause 300,000 deaths per year. And &#8220;overweight&#8221; has the fewest associated deaths.\" target=\"_blank\">Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity &#8211; JAMA, 2005<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/08\/13\/magazine\/13obesity.html?_r=1&#038;pagewanted=1\" title=\"Why calories in = calories out doesn&#8217;t always work for everyone.\" target=\"_blank\">Fat Factors &#8211; New York Times, 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2007\/05\/08\/health\/08fat.html?_r=1&#038;sq=weight%20loss%20rockefeller%20university%20&#038;st=cse&#038;scp=3&#038;pagewanted=all\" title=\"Why it is often difficult for a fat person to lose, or a thin person to gain, weight.\" target=\"_blank\">Genes Take Charge, and Diets Fall by the Wayside &#8211; New York Times, 2007<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11527490\" title=\"&#8220;Obesity may be protective compared with thinness or normal weight in older community-dwelling Americans.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">High body mass index does not predict mortality in older people &#8211; J Am Geriatr Soc, 2001<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/jama.ama-assn.org\/cgi\/content\/abstract\/299\/20\/2401\" title=\"Statistical analysis shows no significant increase in childhood obesity prevalence from 1999 to 2006.\" target=\"_blank\">High body mass index for age among US children and adolescents, 2003-2006 &#8211; JAMA, 2008<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10449014\" title=\"A review showing that most popular diets go in and out of fashion cyclically, and that long-term success rates are low.\" target=\"_blank\">How effective are traditional dietary and exercise interventions for weight loss? &#8211; Med Sci Sports Exerc, 1999<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/archinte.ama-assn.org\/cgi\/content\/abstract\/168\/15\/1609\" title=\"Not all fat people are sick or predisposed to diabetes and heart disease. Some of us are just&#8230;fat.\" target=\"_blank\">Identification and characterization of metabolically benign obesity in humans &#8211; Arch Intern Med, 2008<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17228027\" title=\"Turns out, hating fat people doesn&#8217;t motivate them to lose weight. Instead, fat people who internalize weight bias are more likely to binge eat.\" target=\"_blank\">Internalization of weight bias: Implications for binge eating and emotional well-being &#8211; Obesity, 2007<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/diabetes.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/52\/2\/232.long\" title=\"How and why your body more vigorously defends against weight loss than weight gain.\" target=\"_blank\">Is the energy homeostatis system inherently biased toward weight gain? &#8211; Diabetes, 2003<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8643781\" title=\"&#8220;Fewer men responded to a personal advertisement in which a woman identified herself as obese than to one in which she indicated a history of drug addiction.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Men&#039;s preferences in romantic partners: obesity vs addiction &#8211; Psychol Rep, 1995<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nm\/journal\/v10\/n6\/abs\/nm0604-563.html\" title=\"The idea that fat people get that way by overeating is simplistic and harmful.\" target=\"_blank\">Modern Science Versus the Stigma of Obesity &#8211; Nature Medicine, 2004<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.diabetes.org\/diabetes-basics\/myths\/\" title=\"In case you were wondering &#8212; no. Eating sugar does not cause diabetes.\" target=\"_blank\">Myths about Diabetes, American Diabetes Association<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ajph.org\/cgi\/content\/abstract\/90\/3\/340\" title=\"Why the BMI threshold for overweight should not have been lowered to 25.\" target=\"_blank\">New NHLBI clinical guidelines for obesity and overweight: will they promote health? &#8211; Am J Public Health, 2000<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/jn.nutrition.org\/cgi\/reprint\/117\/6\/1164\" title=\"&#8220;The NIH panel&#8230;sought to inflate the importance of obesity as a public health hazard by considering only those data that put obesity in the worst possible light.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">NIH Consensus Conference on Obesity: by Whom and for What? &#8211; J Nutr, 1987<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19925614\" title=\"&#8220;Higher BMI was associated with lower mortality from age 70 to 88.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Normal Body Mass Index Rather than Obesity Predicts Greater Mortality in Elderly People &#8211; J Am Geriatr Soc, 2009<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16567152\" title=\"The novel idea that maybe we should encourage eating and moving well, not weight loss dieting, to address both &#8220;obesity&#8221; and eating disorder risks in adolescents.\" target=\"_blank\">Obesity, disordered eating, and eating disorders in a longitudinal study of adolescents &#8211; J Am Diet Assoc, 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article.cfm?id=obesity-an-overblown-epid\" target=\"_blank\">Obesity: An Overblown Epidemic? &#8211; Scientific American, 2005<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ajcn.org\/cgi\/reprint\/87\/2\/275.pdf\" title=\"Editorial discussing how much the current &#8220;obesity epidemic&#8221; can be attributed to heritability.\" target=\"_blank\">Obesity: still highly heritable after all these years &#8211; Am J Clin Nutr, 2008<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/ijo\/journal\/v32\/n8\/abs\/ijo200874a.html\" title=\"Some evidence that physical activity has not declined in recent decades.\" target=\"_blank\">Physical activity energy expenditure has not declined since the 1980s and matches energy expenditures of wild mammals &#8211; Int J Obesity, 2008<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/cgi\/content\/full\/93\/8\/1342?view=long&#038;pmid=12893625\" title=\"&#8220;Overweight and obese television characters are associated with specific negative characteristics.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Portrayals of Overweight and Obese Individuals on Commercial Television &#8211; Am J Pub Health, 2003<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eatright.org\/WorkArea\/\/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=8421\" title=\"a.k.a. there is no such thing as &#8220;good food&#8221; vs. &#8220;bad food.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Position of the American Dietetic Association: total diet approach to communicating food and nutrition information &#8211; J Am Diet Assoc, 2007<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/archpedi.ama-assn.org\/cgi\/content\/abstract\/165\/10\/895\" title=\"&#8220;Young children are seen with clinically significant restrictive eating disorders, with the incidence exceeding that of type 2 diabetes mellitus.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Presentation of Restrictive Eating Disorders in Children &#8211; Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2011<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lindabacon.org\/Bacon_ThinPrivilege080109.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Reflections on Fat Acceptance: Lessons Learned from Privilege &#8211; Linda Bacon, NAAFA Keynote, 2009<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16755283\" title=\"93% of people drop out of Jenny Craig within a year. Half within the first ten weeks. SHOCKER.\" target=\"_blank\">Retention rates and weight loss in a commercial weight loss program &#8211; Int J Obese (Lond), 2007<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sizediversityandhealth.org\/content.asp?id=21\" title=\"FAQ on Health at Every Size, and the supporting science.\" target=\"_blank\">Science of HAES<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15942543\" title=\"Linda Bacon&#8217;s study showing that a HAES approach can be more effective than dieting for improving long-term health outcomes.\" target=\"_blank\">Size Acceptance and Intuitive Eating Improve Health for Obese, Female Chronic Dieters &#8211; J Am Diet Assoc, 2005<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/1471-2458\/8\/128\" title=\"Discussion of the theoretical possibility that stress from stigma could contribute to diseases commonly associated with being fat.\" target=\"_blank\">The body politic: the relationship between stigma and obesity-related disease &#8211; BMC, 2008<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/hia\/evidence\/doh\/en\/index.html\" title=\"Guess what? Eating is only one, small factor in determining your overall health.\" target=\"_blank\">The Determinants of Health &#8211; World Health Organization, 2009<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ije.oxfordjournals.org\/cgi\/content\/full\/35\/1\/55\" title=\"Maybe the obesity epidemic isn&#8217;t an epidemic at all, but a &#8220;moral panic.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">The Epidemiology of Overweight and Obesity: Public Health Crisis or Moral Panic? &#8211; Int J Epidemiol, 2005<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com\/journal\/118998100\/abstract\" title=\"Argues that all people, even fat people, innately wish to eat well and move their bodies.\" target=\"_blank\">The health at any size paradigm for obesity treatment: the scientific evidence &#8211; Obes Rev, 2001<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15278101\" title=\"Fat people are more likely than other stigmatized groups to believe in stereotypes about themselves.\" target=\"_blank\">The influence of the stigma of obesity on overweight individuals &#8211; Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 2004<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16029691\" title=\"The NWCR purports to show that dieting works, and it does &#8212; for about 0.001% of the population.\" target=\"_blank\">The National Weight Control Registry: A Critique &#8211; J Nutr Educ Behav, 2005<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/archinte.ama-assn.org\/cgi\/content\/full\/168\/15\/1617\" title=\"&#8220;Among US adults, there is a high prevalence of overweight and obese individuals who are metabolically healthy.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">The Obese Without Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering &#8211; Arch Intern Med, 2008<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18996065\" title=\"Reading fashion magazines is correlated with both dysfunctional appearance beliefs and anti-fat attitudes.\" target=\"_blank\">The relationship between media exposure and anti-fat attitudes: the role of dysfunctional appearance beliefs &#8211; Body Image, 2009<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12410899\" title=\"&#8220;In this population of older individuals, weight loss predicted increased all-cause mortality.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">The relationship between weight loss and all-cause mortality &#8211; J Am Geriatr Soc, 2002<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.yaleruddcenter.org\/resources\/upload\/docs\/what\/bias\/WeightBiasStudy.pdf\" title=\"Bias against fat people appears to be increasing in prevalence. This bias is related to poor eating and exercise avoidance in fat people.\" target=\"_blank\">The stigma of obesity: a review and update &#8211; Obesity, 2009<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.asanet.org\/images\/journals\/docs\/pdf\/spq\/Mar11SPQFeature.pdf\" title=\"&#8220;Perceived weight discrimination is found to be harmful, increasing the health risks of obesity associated with functional disability&#8221;\">The Stigma of Obesity: Does Perceived Weight Discrimination Affect Identity and Physical Health? &#8211; Soc Psychol Quart, 2011<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/social_determinants\/resources\/articles\/hpjadec2006.pdf#page=100\" title=\"Argues that the fight against obesity is, in itself, damaging to people&#8217;s health.\" target=\"_blank\">The war on obesity: a social determinant of health &#8211; Health Promot J Austr, 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/jn.nutrition.org\/cgi\/content\/full\/135\/6\/1347?maxtoshow=&#038;HITS=10&#038;hits=10&#038;RESULTFORMAT=&#038;fulltext=minnesota&#038;searchid=1&#038;FIRSTINDEX=0&#038;sortspec=relevance&#038;resourcetype=HWCIT\" title=\"Remembering Ancel Keys and the Minnesota Semi-Starvation Experiment\" target=\"_blank\">They Starved That Others Be Better Fed &#8211; The Journal of Nutrition, 2005<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.yaleruddcenter.org\/resources\/upload\/docs\/what\/bias\/WeightBiasDieteticsStudents.pdf\" title=\"Dietetics students express fat phobia, and rate fat patients lower on indices of health status, diet quality, and probable compliance compared to thin patients with the same profile information.\" target=\"_blank\">Weight bias among dietetics students: implications for treatment practices &#8211; J Am Diet Assoc, 2009<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16804365\" title=\"&#8220;Weight loss is an independent predictor of mortality among older Mexican Americans&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Weight change and mortality among older Mexican Americans &#8211; Aging Clin Exp Res, 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19806061\" title=\"&#8220;Weight loss is associated with excess mortality among normal, overweight, and mildly obese middle- and older-aged adults.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Weight change, initial BMI, and mortality among middle- and older-aged adults &#8211; Epidemiology, 2009<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17676383\" title=\"&#8220;Weight fluctuations are a major risk factor for all-cause mortality in middle aged men. Moreover, stable obesity does not increase further mortality.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Weight change, weight cycling and mortality &#8211; Eur J Epidemiol, 2007<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nutritionj.com\/content\/pdf\/1475-2891-10-9.pdf\" title=\"Does what it says on the tin.\" target=\"_blank\">Weight Science: Evaluating the Evidence for a Paradigm Shift &#8211; Nutrition Journal, 2011<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Cochrane Reviews<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com\/cochrane\/clsysrev\/articles\/CD003656\/frame.html\" title=\"&#8220;Intensive interventions&#8230;provide only minimal reductions in blood pressure during long-term trials.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Advice to reduce dietary salt for prevention of cardiovascular disease, 2004<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com\/cochrane\/clsysrev\/articles\/CD005102\/frame.html\" title=\"&#8220;There are no high quality data on the efficacy of dietary intervention for the prevention of type 2 diabetes&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Dietary advice for the prevention of type 2 diabetes, 2008<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com\/cochrane\/clsysrev\/articles\/CD004097\/frame.html\" title=\"&#8220;No high quality data on the efficacy of diet alone exists for treatment of type 2 diabetes.&#8221; Exercise may help blood sugar, however.\" target=\"_blank\">Dietary advice for treatment of type 2 diabetes, 2007<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com\/cochrane\/clsysrev\/articles\/CD001918\/frame.html\" title=\"&#8220;[There is] no evidence that a cholesterol-lowering diet is more effective at lowering cholesterol&#8230;than other diets.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Dietary treatment for familial hypercholesterolaemia, 2001<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com\/cochrane\/clsysrev\/articles\/CD004022\/frame.html\" title=\"Advice for salt-reduction in the general population not yet fully supported by evidence.\" target=\"_blank\">Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet, 2004<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com\/cochrane\/clsysrev\/articles\/CD003817\/frame.html\" title=\"&#8220;Exercise is associated with improved cardiovascular disease risk factors even if no weight is lost.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Exercise for Overweight or Obesity, 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com\/cochrane\/clsysrev\/articles\/CD002968\/frame.html\" title=\"&#8220;Exercise significantly improves glycaemic control and reduces visceral adipose tissue and plasma triglycerides&#8230;even without weight loss.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Exercise for type 2 diabetes, 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com\/cochrane\/clsysrev\/articles\/CD002891\/frame.html\" title=\"&#8220;Only one statistically significant result was found&#8230;a slight effect of media literacy and advocacy programs in reducing acceptance of societal body image ideals.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Interventions for preventing eating disorders in children and adolescents, 2002<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com\/cochrane\/clsysrev\/articles\/CD004095\/frame.html\" title=\"&#8220;Weight loss is very difficult to achieve in the long-term&#8230;particularly among persons with diabetes.&#8221;\" target=\"_blank\">Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes, 2005<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Below are some articles (some will be full-text, some are just abstracts) that go into some of the controversies around dieting, weight, and eating. A qualitative investigation of dieting, weight loss, and physical exercise, in obese individuals &#8211; Nutr J, 2008 Adolescent beverage habits and changes in weight over time &#8211; Am J Clin Nutr, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":51,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2512","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/Pw16f-Ew","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fatnutritionist.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fatnutritionist.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fatnutritionist.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fatnutritionist.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fatnutritionist.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2512"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.fatnutritionist.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2512\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7312,"href":"https:\/\/www.fatnutritionist.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2512\/revisions\/7312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fatnutritionist.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}